Photocopy device



Dec. 7, 1965 A. M. BERNSTEIN 3,221,631

PHOTOCOPY DEVICE Original Filed Dec. 18, 1961 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 405a 4041OO 401 O4 /10O 105 mmmg L 104- FIG 7 4. 102 105a INVENTO ALFRED M.Bf'R/VSTf/N IE2! ficm M HTTORNE Y A. M. BERNSTEIN PHOTOCOPY DEVICE Dec.7, 1965 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Original Filed Dec. 18, 1961 Nov INVENTOR.ALFRED M. HERA/STEIN ITIURNE v.

United States Patent 3,221,631 PHOTOCOPY DEVICE Alfred M. Bernstein,Lynbrook, N.Y., assignor to Grafex Corporation, New York, N.Y., acorporation of New York Continuation of application Ser. No. 160,055,Dec. 18, 1961. This application July 20, 1964, Ser. No. 385,546 14Claims. (Cl. 95-73) This invention relates generally to photocopyingapparatus for reproducing printed material.

This application is a continuation of ooperiding application Serial No.160,055, filed December 18, 1961, and entitled Photocopy Device.

It is one object of the present invention to provide a device of thetype describedwhich is adapted for quicker and easier copying operation,and Which is readily portable for use at any desired location.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a photocopyingdevice of the type described, wherein exposure of the copy materials maybe more rapidly, uniformly and accurately achieved under anyenvironmental conditions.

The instant invention further contemplates the provision of uniqueflash-bulb handling and energizing structure, which is highly automaticto require only a single operation for each exposure to energize a flashbulb, remove the used bulb and feed or index a new bulb into position tobe energized, all with only a single manual action.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide aphotocopying apparatus of the type described adapted for use withconventional photocopy supplies, and wherein unique structural meansassures firm and complete facing contact between the sensitized paperand material being'copied.

It is still a further object of the present invention to providephotocopying apparatus having the advantageous characteristics mentionedin the preceding paragraphs which is extremely simple in structure,durable and reliable throughout a long useful life, and which can beeconomically manufactured for sale at a reasonable price.

Other objects of the present invention will become apparent upon readingthe following specification and referring to the accompanying drawings,which form a material part of this disclosure.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction,combinations of elements, and arrangements of parts, which will beexemplified in the construction hereinafter described, and of which thescope will be indicated by the appended claims.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view showing the copier of the instantinvention in a closed condition, and partly broken away to illustrateinterior construction.

FIG. 2 is an end view showing the copier of FIG. 1 in closed condition.

FIG. 3 is an end view showing the copier in open or operative condition,and partially broken away to illustrate interior construction.

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary side view taken substantially along the line 44of FIG. 3.

FIG. 4a is a view similar to FIG. 4, but showing elements thereofdisengaged.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line 55 of FIG.4.

FIG. 6 is a plan view showing flash-bulb carriage means constructed inaccordance with the teachings of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an elevational view showing the lamp-carriage means of FIG. 6,and illustrating a series of lamps carried thereby.

3,221,631 Patented Dec. 7, 1965 FIG. 8 is an elevational view showingthe side-wall connection means of the instant apparatus apart therefrom,and broken away to conserve drawing space.

FIG. 9 is a bottom plan view of the connection means of FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is a partial sectional view taken substantially along line 1010of FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a fragmentary end perspective view showing the connectionmeans of FIGS. 8-10.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged fragmentary view further showing the structure ofFIG. 5.

FIG. 13 is an enlarged fragmentary view showing elements shown in FIG.9, but in greater detail.

FIG. 14 is an enlarged fragmentary view showing in greater detailcertain elements shown in FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 is an enlarged fragmentary view showing certain elementsillustrated in FIG. 3, but in greater operative detail.

FIG. 16 is a bottom view of the instant photocopier in its full open oroperative condition, but with parts broken away for clarity ofunderstanding.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, and specifically toFIGS. 1-3 thereof, a copier of the present invention is there generallydesignated 20, and includes a pair of facing spaced side walls 21 and22. The side walls 21 and 22 preferably have their inner surfacesreflectively coated, as at 23 and 24, respectively, and may be ofarcuate or outwardly bowed configuration, all for enhanced concentrationof illumination, as will appear presently.

The upper longitudinal edges of the side walls 21 and 22 are connectedtogether by connection means, generally designated 27, which hingedlyconnects the side walls for swinging movement between their closed,generally parallel positions of FIGS. 1 and 2, and their open downwardlydiverging position of FIG. 3.

Extending between each adjacent pair of end edges of the side walls 21and 22 is a pleated, or otherwise collapsible end wall 28. Thus, the endwalls 28 are expansile and contractile for respective opening andclosing of the side walls.

A linkage, say of links 29 and 30 may be connected between the sidewalls 21 and 22 at each end thereof. The links 29 and 30 may have theirinner ends connected together, as by pivot 31, and have their outer endsrespectively connected by pivots 32 and 33 to side walls 21 and 22.Thus, the linkage 29, 30 swings from a closed, generally parallelposition to its open position of FIG. 3 upon opening movement of theside Walls 21 and 22; and, a stop lug or abutment 34 may be carried byone of the links 30 for engagement with the other link 29 to limitopening movement of the links, and consequently to limit openingmovement of the side walls.

For convenient portability, the instant copier 20 may be provided withsuitable carrying means, such as embodied in the generally U-shapedmembers or bails 37 and 38, respectively connected to the side wallsHand 22 at the lower edges thereof. That is, the bail 37 is pivotallyconnected, as by pins 39 to the lower edge region of the side wall 21,while the bail 38 is pivotally connected by pins 40 to the lower regionof the side wall 22. In the closed positions of FIGS. 1 and 2, the bails37 and 38 have been swung toward each other for convenient manualgrasping, while in the open position of FIG. 3, the bails have beenswung outward so as to extend above the lower edges of the side walls.As best seen in FIG. 15, the bail 38 has its legs each provided with aslot 33a slidably and rotatably receiving the pins 40. Further, thedistal end of each leg of bail 38 is notched, as at 38b for abuttingengagement with the lower edge of wall 22. That is, when the bail 38 isslid inwardly toward the wall 22, by the slots 38a slidably receivingthe pins 40, the abutment notch 38b is engageable with the lower edge ofwall 22. In this condition, downward force may be exerted on the bail 38to insure complete facing contact of the photocopy supplies, as willappear more fully hereinafter. For free swinging of the bail 33, thelatter may be slid outwardly away from the wall 22, so that the notch38b will clear the wall.

A transparent panel or pressure plate 42, say of plastic or glass, hasone edge extending along and hingedly connected to the lower edge of oneside wall, say the side wall 21, as by a hinge 43. The plate 42 isthereby swingable between its closed position, see FIG. 1, insubstantial parallelism with and between the side walls 21 and 22, andits open position of FIGS. 3, 5 and 15 extending generally horizontallybetween the lower, spaced-apart edges of the side walls.

Adjacent the lower edge of side wall 22 there may be provided (FIG. 12)one or more resilient detents 46 of suitable construction for releasableholding engagement with the plate 42. The detent 46 may, as illustrated,include a resilient strip or leaf anchored by fasteners 47 to the sidewall 22 adjacent the lower edge thereof, and combined with a lip orledge fixed to the wall 22 to define an inwardly facing notch or goove48 for releasably receiving the edge of plate 42. That is, the edge ofplate 42 is swingable about the axis of hinge 43 to snap engage past thespring detent 46, and there be held between the latter and ledge 46a.However, upon manual depression of the detent 46, the latter is swungoutward to release the plate 42 for upward or inward swinging movement.

In addition, a support panel 51 for copy material may also be hinged tothe lower edge of side wall 21 for swinging movement into and out ofunderlying relation with the plate 42 when the latter is in itsgenerally horizontal, open position. The support panel 51 may have oneedge hingedly connected to the side wall 21, also by the hinge means 43.The hinge means 43 may include certain curled ears or knuckles 52 spacedfrom the hinge axis; and, a pintle or pin 53 may be secured to the panel51 and removably engageable in the knuckles 52 to define a detachablehinged connection. That is, an angle member 52b may be secured to theunderface of panel 51, as by fasteners 52c, and have an upstanding arm52a projecting normal to and above the panel for carrying the pintle 53.By this construction, the panel 51 may be conveniently detached from thehinge 43, as when its use is not required, say in copying from a boundbook. Also, the panel 51, by the offset of arm 52a, may be swung to aclosed or collapsed position substantially parallel to the plate 42between the walls 21 and 22.

If desired, a conventional detachable hinge may be employed, such as isused in portable-typewriter cases. In the closed condition, the supportpanel 51 may swing with the pressure plate 42 into substantialparallelism between the side walls 21 and 22.

On the upper surface of support panel 51, there is advantageouslyprovided a resilient body or cushion 54, preferably having a convexlyarcuate upper surface. Thus, flexible copy material 44 may be interposedbetween the cushion-support panel 51 and plate 42, and firmly heldtherebetween in the desired flat condition. To insure perfectly flat,complete surface contact of the copy materials, the bail 38, in thecondition shown in FIG. 15, may be manually urged downward, whicheffects spreading of the cushion 54 against the copy material to holdthe latter firmly against the plate 42.

The connection means 27, best seen in FIGS. 81 1, may be of elongate,channel-like configuration 56, substantially coextensive with the sidewalls 21 and 22, including a back or top wall 57 extending laterallybetween the upper side edges of the side walls, and sides 58 and 59depending in spaced relation into the space between the side walls.Suitable hinge means 60 and 61 respectively, connect the side walls 21and 22 to the sides 58 and 59 of the channel 56.

The lower or inner edges of the sides 58 and 59 may be provided withlongitudinal, inwardly extending ribs or rails, as at 62 on the channelside 58, and at 63 on the channel side 59. The vertically spaced ribs orrails 62 define therebetween a laterally inwardly opening,longitudinally extending groove 64; and, the vertically spaced ribs orrails 63 define in the space therebetween a laterally inwardly openinglongitudinally extending groove 65, with the grooves 64 and 65 towardeach other.

The channel 56, with its facing grooves, may be considered as defining atrack extending longitudinally along the upper edges of the side walls21 and 22.

The channel or track 56 is seen in more detail in FIGS. 8-11, and isthere shown as having doors 68 and 69 on its opposite ends. The doors 68and 69 are preferably resiliently urged toward a position closing theirrespective ends, and may be mounted by suitable spring-hinge means 70and 71 for yieldable opening. More particularly, the spring-hinged door69 is yieldably openable outward.

At one location longitudinally along the track or channel 56 preferablyintermediate the ends thereof, there are provided a pair of yieldable,resilient strips or contacts 73 and 74, respectively anchored to channelsides 58 and 59, as by fasteners 75 and 76, and extending obliquelyinward from the channel sides in the direction toward the outlet door69. This is best seen in FIG. 9. An additional resiliently yieldablestrip or contact 77 is anchored, as by fasteners 78, to the top or back57 of the connection means channel 56, and extends obliquely inward ordownward therefrom in the direction toward the outlet door 69, proximateto the contacts 73 and 74. As best seen in FIG. 10, a suitable source ofelectrical supply, such as batteries 80, is electrically connected onone side to the contact 77, and electrically connected on the other sideto both the contacts 73 and 74.

In addition, exteriorly on one channel side 58, and extending inwardthrough a slot 82 in the channel side, is an operating element or pawl83. More specifically, the pawl 83 is generally exterior of the channelside 58 and has one end 84 bent obliquely inward through slot 82 toenter into the groove 64. The other end 85 of the operat ing member 83is exterior of the side 58 and connected at 86a by a tension spring 86to a lug 87 fixed to the channel side. Thus, the operating member 83 isresiliently urged rightward, as seen in FIGS. 8-10, and is movableleftward against the force of spring 86.

An elongate actuating member 92 is slidably mounted on the side wall 24extending exteriorly thereof through a wall slot 91 and terminating in afinger piece 90. The actuating member 92 has its inner end connected byan elongate flexible element 97 to the operating member 83, proximatethe spring hook 86a. More particularly, the elongate flexible member 97passes slidably through an eye 93 fixed in alignment with the actuatingmember 92 and carried by a lug 94 on the channel 56.

Thus, the actuating member 92 is longitudinally reciprocable, and springurged inward through the slot 91 by the spring 86, the finger piecelimiting inward movement of the actuating member. Longitudinal movementof the actuating member 92 against the force of spring 86 is limited bythe stop member or guide 95.

As best seen in FIG. 13, a resilient retaining member or leaf spring 81is fixed to the channel wall 58 in the groove 64, and extends obliquelytherein, for a purpose appearing presently.

In FIG. 6 are shown a plurality of lamp carriages, generally designated100. Each lamp carriage comprises a generally flat, elongate member ofstrip 101, which may have one side edge generally flat, as at 102. Theother side edge is advantageously formed with a plurality oflongitudinally spaced ratchet teeth 103 along substantially the entirelength of the elongate member. Spaced laterally between the side edgesof the elongate member, there are formed a plurality of holdingportions, each of which may be defined by a through opening and one ormore radial slits 105 extending from the opening. The holding portionsor open formations 104, 105 are located in spaced relationlongitudinally along the elongate member 101, in predeterminedcorrespondence with the ratchet teeth 103.

In addition, opposite ends of each elongate member 101 are provided withinterengageable formations for detachable connection to like elementsarranged in end-to-end relation. More particularly, each lamp-carriagemember 101 has one end provided with an arcuate cutout or concavity 105of slightly greater than 180 degrees; and, the other end of eachcarriage member is formed with a generally circular or bulbousprojection 106 having a convexly arcuate edge of slightly more than 180degrees. Thus, the cutout 105 is adapted to removably receive and retainan end projection 106 adapted for removable retention in the cutout 105of another carriage member.

As seen in FIG. 7, the holding formations or openings 104 are adapted tosnugly and removably receive lamps or flash bulbs 107. In particular,the neck or base 108 of each flash bulb 107 is removably engaged througha re spective opening 104.

In operation, the carrying means or bails 37 and 38 of the copier 20 areswung outward about their pivots 39 and 40, and the side walls 21 and 22are swung from their closed position of FIGS. 1-2 to their open,downwardly divergent position of FIG. 3. This automatically expands thepreviously collapsed end walls 28, and opens the linkages 29, 30 totheir limit, as illustrated in FIG. 3. The transparent plate 42 is swungdownward from its collapsed position until its swinging edge snaps intothe releasably held engagement with detent 46 and ledge 460, shown inFIG. 12.

When it is desired to copy material from a relatively bulky source, suchas a bound book, the plate 42 may then be pressed directly against thecopy material, without use of the support panel 51. However, in copyingloose sheets or the like, the copy material may be placed between theplate 42 and support panel 51, and the latter moved upward relative tothe plate for holding the copy maerial flat against the plate. As noted,downward pressure on bail 38 in the condition of FIG. 15 assures facingcontact.

Of course, it is understood that any desired photosensitive paper may beemployed. In utilizing a conventional photosensitive paper to obtain anegative image, the paper is placed emulsion side down onto an upwardlyfacing sheet to be reproduced, and illumination thereby passes throughthe photosensitive paper. Also, other conventional methods of employingphotosensitve materials may be utilized.

A lamp carriage 100 carrying a plurality of lamps 107, is inserted intothe channel 56 through one end thereof, as

by opening of the inlet door 58. Specifically, the lamp 0 carriage isinserted in the channel with longitudinal side edges 102 and 103respectively slidably engaged in grooves 64 and 65, the lamp basesextending into the channel, and the lamp envelopes depending from thechannel.

The elongate member 101 is inserted into the channel 56 sufficiently toengage the pawl end 84 with a ratchet tooth 103. Then, upon downwardmovement of the actuating member 92, the operating member 83 is shiftedleftward, bringing a lamp 107 into the illustrated position engaging thecontacts 73, 74 and 77. This closes an electrical circuit through thelamp and energizes the latter to effect exposure of the copy material.

The exposure procedure may be repeated by the mere finger motion of thepiece 90 to move the actuating member downward, and release thereof.This simple operation effects removal of a used bulb from engagementwith the contacts, movement of an unused bulb into engagement with thecontacts for energization thereof, and indexing of an additional bulbinto position for sequential energization upon the next-repeatedoperation. The retaining member or pawl 81 engages a tooth 103 toprevent retraction upon return of the actuating member.

This above-described operation may be indefinitely continued byend-to-end interengagement of carriage members 101, as shown in FIG. 6,whereupon carriage members carrying used bulbs will be propelledstepwise outward through the left-hand end of the channel 56, as seen inFIGS. 8 and 9. That is, the carriage members 101 will pass outwardthrough the outlet door 69, whereupon they may be removed and discarded.

From the foregoing it is seen that the present invention provides acopying apparatus which fully accomplishes its intended objects, and iswell-adapted to meet practical conditions of manufacture and use.

What is claimed is:

1. In a copying device, an exposure chamber comprising a pair ofreflective facing side walls, connection means connecting said sidewalls together along one pair of adjacent side edges for swingingopening-and-closing movement of said side walls between a generallyparallel closed position and an open position diverging from saidconnection means, expansile and contractile end walls extending betweenadjacent end edges of said side walls for expansion and contraction uponopeningand-closing movement of said side walls, illuminating meanscarried by said connection means, a transparent plate extending in openposition between the other pair of adjacent side edges of said sidewalls and connected to one of said side walls for swinging movement to aclosed position in parallelism between said side walls, whereby saidplate is adapted to rest flat on copy material for concentratedillumination of the latter through saidplate, hinge means connectingsaid plate to said one side wall for said swinging movement, andreleasable detent means on said other side wall engageable with saidplate to releasably hold the latter in said open position, a supportpanel detachably connected to said hinge means for swinging movementinto and out of underlying relation with said plate when the later is inopen position, and a yieldable facing on said support panel engageablewith the underside of said plate for holding copy material flat againstsaid plate.

2. In a copying device, an exposure chamber comprising a pair ofreflective facing side walls, connection means connecting said sidewalls together along one pair of adjacent side edges for swingingopening-and-closing movement of said side walls between a generallyparallel closed position and an open position diverging from saidconnection means, expansile and contractile end walls extending betweenadjacent end edges of said side walls for expansion and contraction uponopening-and-closing movement of said side walls, illuminating meanscarried by said connection means, a transparent plate extending in openposition between the other pair of adjacent side edges of said sidewalls and connected to one of said side walls for swinging movement to aclosed position in parallelism between said side walls, whereby saidplate is adapted to rest flat on copy material for concentratedillumination of the latter through said plate, said illuminating meanscomprising a track extending longitudinally along said connection means,electrical contacts at one location along said track and adapted forconnection to a source of electrical supply, lamp-carriage means movablealong said track past said contacts and having holding portions forcarrying a series of lamps into successive engagement with saidcontacts, and operating means mounted on said connection means andengageable with said lamp-carriage means to move the latter stepwise forsuccessively energizing lamps.

3. In a copying device according to claim 2, said carriage meansincluding ratchet formations for engagement with said operating means toeffect said stepwise movement.

4. In a copying device according to claim 3, said operating meanscomprising an oscillatory member engageable with said ratchet formationsin one direction of its oscillatory movement to effect each step of saidcarriage movement, and resilient means urging said oscillatory member inits other direction to return said member after each step motion of saidcarriage means.

5. In a copying device, a plurality of walls cooperating together todefine an exposure chamber, one of said walls being a transparent platetoward which light is adapted to be directed in said chamber for makingan exposure, and means located at that side of said transparent platewhich is directed away from the interior of said chamber for holdingagainst said plate the light-sensitive copy material which is to beexposed.

6. In a copying device as recited in claim 5, said means for holdingsaid light-sensitive material against said transparent plate including asupport panel and a yieldable facing on said support panel enga-geablewith a surface of said plate which is directed away from the interior ofsaid chamber.

7. In a copying device as recited in claim 6, said plate being adaptedto form a bottom wall of said chamber during use of the copying deviceso that said panel and yieldable facing are situated beneath saidtransparent plate.

8. In a copying device, an exposure chamber comprising a pair of wallsat least one of which has a reflective surface directed toward the otherof said walls, connection means connecting at least said one wall to theother of said walls for movement from a closed position adjacent saidother wall to an open position relatively distant therefrom, and saidchamber including expansile and contractile walls extending betweenedges of said pair of walls for maintaining the interior of said chamberlight tight, means operatively connected to said walls for releasablyholding said one wall in its open position with respect to said otherwall, and said exposure chamber in the open position of said one wallincluding at least a transparent wall formed by a transparent platewhich in part defines the interior of said chamber and against whichcopy material is adapted to be situated for exposure to light withinsaid exposure chamber.

9. In a copying device as recited in claim 8, means cooperating withsaid transparent plate for pressing against the latter aligl1t-sensitive copy material which is to be exposed.

It In a copying device as recited in claim 8, at least one of said wallscarrying a handle facilitating the portability of the copying devicewhen said one wall is in said closed position thereof.

11. In a copying device which includes a collapsible exposure chamberadapted to be expanded to an open position during use and to becollapsed during non-use, so that in the collapsed condition of saidchamber the device can be easily carried about, and said copying de viceincluding means for providing in the interior of the chamber, at leastin its expanded condition, light for exposing light-sensitive material,a transparent plate adapted to define at least part of said chamber inthe expanded condition thereof and yieldable means situated next to asurface of said transparent plate which is directed away from theinterior of said chamber in the expanded condition thereof for yieldablyholding against said transparent plate light-sensitive material which isto be exposed.

12. In a copying device as recited in claim 11, said yieldable meansincluding a body of foam plastic substantially coextensive with saidplate.

13. In a copying device as recited in claim 12, a panel carrying saidbody of foam plastic with the latter situ ated between said panel andtransparent plate.

14. In a copying device having a collapsible exposure chamber which isadapted to be expanded during use of the copying device and to becollapsed to render the copying device easily portable, the copyingdevice also including a source light for exposing light-sensitivematerial, said exposure chamber including at least in its expandedcondition a transparent wall against which light-sensitive material isadapted to be placed for exposure to light in said chamber, and meansdetachably connected to said transparent wall for holding against thelatter light-sensitive material which is to be exposed, said means whendetached from said transparent wall permitting the latter to be placedon an object which is to be copied but which is too bulky to be heldagainst said transparent wall by said means.

No references cited.

EVON C. BLUNK, Primary Examiner.

1. IN A COPYING DEVICE, AN EXPOSURE CHAMBER COMPRISING A PAIR OFREFLECTIVE FACING SIDE WALLS, CONNECTING MEANS CONNECTING SAID SIDEWALLS TOGETHER ALONG ONE PAIR OF ADJACENT SIDE EDGES FOR SWINGINGOPENING-AND-CLOSING MOVEMENT OF SAID SIDE WALLS BETWEEN A GENERALLYPARALLEL CLOSED POSITION AND ON OPEN POSITION DIVERGING FROM SAIDCONNECTION MEANS, EXPANSIBLE AND CONTRACTILE END WALLS EXTENDING BETWEENADJACENT END EDGES OF SAID SIDE WALLS FOR EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION UPONOPENING-AND-CLOSING MOVEMENT OF SAID SIDE WALLS, ILLUMINATING MEANSCARRIED BY SAID CONNECTION MEANS, A TRANSPARENT PLATE EXTENDING IN OPENPOSITION BETWEEN THE OTHER PAIR OF ADJACENT SIDE EDGES OF SAID SIDEWALLS AND CONNECTED TO ONE OF SAID SIDE WALLS FOR SWINGING MOVEMENT TO ACLOSED POSITION IN A PARALLELISM BETWEEN SAID SIDE WALLS, WHEREBY SAIDPLATE IS ADAPTED TO REST FLAT ON COPY MATERIAL FOR CONCENTRATEDILLUMINATION OF THE LATTER THROUGH SAID PLATE, HINGE MEANS CONNECTINGSAID PLATE TO SAID ONE SIDE WALL FOR SAID SWINGING MOVEMENT, ANDRELEASABLE DETENT MEANS ON SAID OTHER SIDE WALL ENGAGEABLE WITH SAIDPLATE TO RELEASABLY HOLD THE LATTER IN SAID OPEN POSITION, A SUPPORTPANEL DETACHABLY CONNECTED TO SAID HINGE MEANS FOR SWINGING MOVEMENTINTO AND OUT OF UNDERLYING RELATION WITH SAID PLATE WHEN THE LATER IS INOPEN POSITION, AND A YIELDABLE FACING ON SAID SUPPORT PANEL ENGAGEABLEWITH THE UNDERSIDE OF SAID PLATE FOR HOLDING COPY MATERIAL FLAT AGAINSTSAID PLATE.